TTMUA Lab
TMUA 2018 · Paper 2 · Question 19 of 20

TMUA 2018 Paper 2 Question 19

Inequalities and reasoning — Inequalities with exponentials of ordered variables. Try it first; the answer and a full worked solution are below.

TMUA 2018 · Paper 2Inequalities and reasoningInequalities with exponentials of ordered variables4 options
Three real numbers x, y and z satisfy x>y>z> 1.

Which one of the following statements must be true?

  1. A2z+12x>2x+ 2z2y
  2. B2 >3x+ 3z3y
  3. C2× 5x5z>5x+ 5z5y
  4. D2 <7x+ 7z7y
Show the answer and worked solution
answer · C
  1. A2z+12x>2x+ 2z2y
  2. B2 >3x+ 3z3y
  3. C2× 5x5z>5x+ 5z5y
  4. D2 <7x+ 7z7y
Divide everything through so each side is a power of the base, and write u=xy> 0 and v=yz> 0. The right-hand side of every option is bu+bv, which can be made close to 1 (take u tiny and v huge) or arbitrarily large (take u huge). That kills the three options that compare it with a fixed number 2 or with something bounded above by 2: A has left side 2 2zx< 2, which fails when u is large; B fails when u is large; D fails when u is tiny and v is large. Option C reads 2 5u+v> 5u+ 5v, and it always holds because 5u+v> 5u and 5u+v> 1 > 5v, so adding the two gives the result.