TTMUA Lab
TMUA 2018 · Paper 2 · Question 13 of 20

TMUA 2018 Paper 2 Question 13

Proof and counterexample — Finding the error · taking a square root loses a sign. Try it first; the answer and a full worked solution are below.

TMUA 2018 · Paper 2Proof and counterexampleFinding the error · taking a square root loses a sign6 options
The following is an attempted proof of the conjecture:

if tanθ> 0, then sinθ+cosθ> 1.

Suppose tanθ> 0, so in particular cosθ 0.

(I)    Since tanθ=sinθcosθ, then sinθcosθ=tanθcos2θ> 0.
(II)   It follows that 1 + 2sinθcosθ> 1.
(III)  Therefore sin2θ+ 2sinθcosθ+cos2θ> 1.
(IV)   which factorises to give (sinθ+cosθ)2> 1.
(V)    Therefore sinθ+cosθ> 1.

Which one of the following is the case?

  1. AThe proof is correct.
  2. BThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (I).
  3. CThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (II).
  4. DThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (III).
  5. EThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (IV).
  6. FThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (V).
Show the answer and worked solution
answer · F
  1. AThe proof is correct.
  2. BThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (I).
  3. CThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (II).
  4. DThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (III).
  5. EThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (IV).
  6. FThe proof is incorrect, and the first error occurs in line (V).
Lines (I) to (IV) are all sound: cos2θ> 0 so the product sinθcosθ is positive, doubling and adding 1 is legitimate, and sin2θ+cos2θ= 1 turns that into the perfect square. Line (V) is where it breaks: u2> 1 gives u> 1 or u<1, not u> 1 alone. The negative branch really occurs — in the third quadrant tanθ> 0 while sinθ and cosθ are both negative, so at θ=5π4 the sum is 2, and the conjecture itself is false.