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TMUA 2021 · Paper 2 · Question 18 of 20

TMUA 2021 Paper 2 Question 18

Trigonometry — Sine rule · the ambiguous case. Try it first; the answer and a full worked solution are below.

TMUA 2021 · Paper 2TrigonometrySine rule · the ambiguous case8 optionshard
A student chooses two distinct real numbers x and y with 0 <x<y< 1.

The student then attempts to draw a triangle ABC with AB= 1,    sinA=x,    sinB=y

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

I    For some choice of x and y, there is exactly one triangle the student could draw.
II   For some choice of x and y, there are exactly two different triangles the student could draw.
III For some choice of x and y, there are exactly three different triangles the student could draw.

(Note that congruent triangles are considered to be the same.)

  1. Anone of them
  2. BI only
  3. CII only
  4. DIII only
  5. EI and II only
  6. FI and III only
  7. GII and III only
  8. HI, II and III
Show the answer and worked solution
answer · C
  1. Anone of them
  2. BI only
  3. CII only
  4. DIII only
  5. EI and II only
  6. FI and III only
  7. GII and III only
  8. HI, II and III
Write α=arcsinx and β=arcsiny, both acute, with α<β because x<y. Each of A and B can be acute or obtuse, giving four candidate pairs, and the only test is whether A+B< 180. Both acute always works. Making A obtuse gives A+B= 180α+β, which fails since β>α. Making B obtuse gives 180β+α< 180, which works. Both obtuse is impossible. So there are always exactly two triangles, whatever x and y are: II is correct and I and III never happen.