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TMUA 2021 · Paper 2 · Question 17 of 20

TMUA 2021 Paper 2 Question 17

Exponentials and logarithms — Nested logarithms · comparing two functions. Try it first; the answer and a full worked solution are below.

TMUA 2021 · Paper 2Exponentials and logarithmsNested logarithms · comparing two functions6 optionshard
Consider the following functions defined for x> 1: f(x)=log2(log2x) g(x)=log2(log2x) Which one of the following is true for all values of x> 1?
  1. A0 f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x) 0
  2. B0 g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x) 0
  3. C12f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x)12
  4. D12g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x)12
  5. E1 f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x) 1
  6. F1 g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x) 1
Show the answer and worked solution
answer · F
  1. A0 f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x) 0
  2. B0 g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x) 0
  3. C12f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x)12
  4. D12g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x)12
  5. E1 f(x)g(x)  or  g(x)f(x) 1
  6. F1 g(x)f(x)  or  f(x)g(x) 1
Substitute to strip the nesting. Put t=log2x, which runs over all positive reals as x runs over x> 1, and then s=log2t, which runs over all reals. Since log2x=t2, we get f=log2t2=s 1, and since log2t=12log2t, we get g=s2. Now compare: fg=s2 1, so if s 2 then g=s2 1 and fg, giving 1 gf; and if s< 2 then f<g and g=s2< 1, giving fg 1. That is exactly the last option, and the cutoff at 1 rather than 0 or 12 is what rules the others out.