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TMUA 2019 · Paper 2 · Question 18 of 20

TMUA 2019 Paper 2 Question 18

Inequalities and reasoning — Inequalities with two modulus signs. Try it first; the answer and a full worked solution are below.

TMUA 2019 · Paper 2Inequalities and reasoningInequalities with two modulus signs8 optionshard
Consider the following inequality:

(×):   a|x| + 1 ≤ |x − 2|

where a is a real constant.

Which one of the following describes the complete set of values of a such that (×) is true for all real x?

  1. Aa ≤ 32
  2. Ba ≤ 1
  3. Ca ≤ 12
  4. Da ≤ 0
  5. Ea ≤ −12
  6. Fa ≤ −1
  7. Ga ≤ −32
  8. HThere are no such values of a.
Show the answer and worked solution
answer · E
  1. Aa ≤ 32
  2. Ba ≤ 1
  3. Ca ≤ 12
  4. Da ≤ 0
  5. Ea ≤ −12
  6. Fa ≤ −1
  7. Ga ≤ −32
  8. HThere are no such values of a.
Test the value that makes the right-hand side smallest before doing the general work: at x = 2 the inequality reads 2a + 1 ≤ 0, so a ≤ −12 is forced. Now check that a ≤ −12 is enough, splitting at x = 0 and x = 2. For x < 0 it becomes x(1 − a) ≤ 1, and the left side is negative, so it holds. For 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 it becomes (a+1)x ≤ 1, whose worst case is x = 2, giving a ≤ −12 again. For x ≥ 2 it becomes (a − 1)x ≤ −3, and since a − 1 < 0 the worst case is the smallest x, namely x = 2, giving 2 − 2a ≥ 3, once more a ≤ −12.